Written by local experts Adriana & Matěj
Adriana and Matěj Halouskovi are travel bloggers behind the successful blog Czech the World.
Matěj was born in Prague and has lived here his entire life and Adriana moved here 6 years ago.
We have traveled to more than 60 countries, but if we could tell you what place we know the most, it is our city.
The Czech Republic, a country steeped in rich history and tradition, celebrates a variety of public holidays that reflect its cultural and historical heritage. These holidays are more than just days off from work; they are deeply ingrained in the Czech way of life, offering a glimpse into the nation’s values, history, and traditions.
From religious observances to historical commemorations, each public holiday holds a unique place in the hearts of the Czech people. For visitors, understanding these holidays provides valuable insight into Czech culture and offers opportunities to experience the country in a different light.
List of Czech Public Holidays
The Czech Republic celebrates 13 public holidays. Here is the list:
| Public Holiday | Date |
|---|---|
| New Year’s Day | January 1 |
| Good Friday | Date varies (March/April) |
| Easter Monday | Date varies (March/April) |
| Labour Day | May 1 |
| Liberation Day | May 8 |
| Saints Cyril and Methodius Day | July 5 |
| Jan Hus Day | July 6 |
| Czech Statehood Day | September 28 |
| Independent Czechoslovak State Day | October 28 |
| Struggle for Freedom and Democracy Day | November 17 |
| Christmas Eve | December 24 |
| Christmas Day | December 25 |
| St. Stephen’s Day | December 26 |
New Year’s Day (Jan 1)
New Year’s Day, known as “Nový rok” in Czech, is celebrated on January 1st and marks the beginning of the new year. This holiday is a time for reflection on the past year and anticipation of what the new year will bring. It is a public holiday across the Czech Republic, and most businesses, schools, and government offices are closed.
Historical Significance
New Year’s Day has long been associated with renewal and fresh beginnings. In Czech history, it also marks the day when Czechoslovakia split into two independent nations: the Czech Republic and Slovakia, on January 1, 1993. This peaceful dissolution, known as the Velvet Divorce, is a significant event in Czech history and adds an extra layer of meaning to the New Year’s celebrations.
Traditional Customs
On New Year’s Eve (Silvestr), Czechs traditionally gather with family and friends to celebrate with food, drinks, and fireworks. The celebrations often continue until the early hours of New Year’s Day. Another popular tradition is making resolutions for the coming year, focusing on health, happiness, and prosperity.
Many Czechs also watch the President’s New Year’s speech, which is a long-standing tradition. The speech reflects on the past year and outlines the government’s goals and priorities for the new year.
Good Friday and Easter Monday
Easter is one of the most important religious holidays in the Czech Republic, and it is celebrated with a mix of Christian and pre-Christian traditions. The Easter holidays in Czechia include Good Friday (Velký pátek) and Easter Monday (Velikonoční pondělí), both of which are public holidays.
Importance of Easter in the Czech Republic
Easter in Czechia is a time of renewal and rebirth, symbolizing the resurrection of Jesus Christ in Christian belief. It is also a time when many ancient pagan traditions are revived, particularly those celebrating the arrival of spring.
Religious vs. Secular Observances
While Easter has strong religious connotations, many of the customs and celebrations in the Czech Republic are more secular in nature. Church services are held throughout the Easter period, with Good Friday commemorating the crucifixion of Jesus and Easter Sunday celebrating his resurrection. However, for many Czechs, the highlight of Easter is the secular traditions that take place on Easter Monday.
Traditional Customs: Egg Decorating (Kraslice), Pomlázka, and Easter Markets
One of the most beloved Easter traditions in the Czech Republic is the decorating of Easter eggs, known as kraslice. These intricately painted eggs are often given as gifts and are a symbol of new life.
Another unique tradition is the “pomlázka,” a braided whip made from willow branches. On Easter Monday, boys and men use the pomlázka to gently whip girls and women, a custom believed to bring health and youth for the coming year. In return, the women give the men decorated eggs or sweets.
Easter markets, especially those in Prague, are a vibrant part of the celebrations. These markets are filled with stalls selling handmade crafts, traditional foods, and, of course, decorated eggs. They provide a wonderful opportunity for tourists to experience Czech Easter traditions firsthand.
Determining the Dates
The dates of Easter and its associated holidays vary each year, as they are determined by the lunar calendar. Easter Sunday falls on the first Sunday after the first full moon following the vernal equinox, meaning that it can occur anytime between March 22 and April 25.
Labour Day (May 1)
Labour Day, or “Svátek práce,” is celebrated on May 1st and is a public holiday in the Czech Republic. It is a day dedicated to workers and the labor movement, but it also holds a special place in Czech culture as a day of love and romance.
Historical Background of Labour Day in Czechia
Labour Day originated from the labor movement in the late 19th century, advocating for workers’ rights and the eight-hour workday. In the Czech Republic, Labour Day has been celebrated since the early 20th century, with workers’ demonstrations and parades being common, particularly during the socialist era.
Celebrations and Demonstrations
Today, Labour Day in the Czech Republic is marked by various events, including rallies and demonstrations organized by trade unions and political parties. These events often focus on workers’ rights, social justice, and economic issues. However, the day is also an opportunity for people to enjoy the spring weather, and many Czechs spend the day outdoors, picnicking or taking walks in the park.
The Dual Significance of May 1st: Labour Day and the Day of Love
In addition to being Labour Day, May 1st is also celebrated as the Day of Love in the Czech Republic, inspired by the famous Czech poet Karel Hynek Mácha. According to tradition, couples kiss under a blooming cherry tree on May 1st to ensure happiness and love for the coming year. This romantic aspect of the holiday is widely celebrated, and you’ll find parks and gardens filled with couples enjoying the spring blossoms.
Liberation Day (May 8)
Liberation Day, known as “Den vítězství” in Czech, is celebrated on May 8th and commemorates the end of World War II in Europe. It is a public holiday that honors the liberation of Czechoslovakia from Nazi occupation.
Commemoration of the End of World War II
Liberation Day marks the anniversary of the surrender of Nazi Germany on May 8, 1945, which led to the end of World War II in Europe. For Czechoslovakia, this day also signifies the end of years of occupation and the beginning of the country’s restoration.
Historical Context of the Liberation of Czechoslovakia
During World War II, Czechoslovakia was occupied by Nazi Germany, and the country suffered immense hardships under the occupation. The liberation of Prague by Soviet and Allied forces in May 1945 was a pivotal moment in the country’s history, leading to the re-establishment of Czechoslovakia as an independent nation.
Events and Ceremonies Held on This Day
Liberation Day is marked by various events and ceremonies throughout the Czech Republic. In Prague, official commemorations are held at significant historical sites, including the National Memorial at Vítkov and the Old Town Square. These ceremonies often involve military parades, wreath-laying, and speeches by political leaders. Many towns and cities also host events to honor the memory of those who fought and died during the war.
Saints Cyril and Methodius Day (July 5)
Saints Cyril and Methodius Day, celebrated on July 5th, is a public holiday in the Czech Republic that honors the legacy of two Byzantine brothers who were instrumental in spreading Christianity and developing the Slavic cultural identity in the region.
Who Were Saints Cyril and Methodius?
Saints Cyril and Methodius were 9th-century missionaries from the Byzantine Empire who played a crucial role in the Christianization of the Slavic peoples. They are credited with creating the Glagolitic alphabet, which later evolved into the Cyrillic script, enabling the translation of the Bible and liturgical texts into the Slavic language.
Their Impact on the Slavic World and Czech Culture
The work of Cyril and Methodius laid the foundation for the development of Slavic culture and literacy. Their contributions were not only religious but also cultural, as they helped shape the identity of the Slavic peoples, including those in the Czech lands. Their legacy is still celebrated today, and they are regarded as the “Apostles to the Slavs.”
Traditions and Celebrations on This Day
On Saints Cyril and Methodius Day, various religious services and cultural events are held throughout the Czech Republic. In Velehrad, a pilgrimage site associated with the two saints, thousands of people gather for a special mass and other commemorative activities. This day is also a time for Czechs to reflect on their cultural heritage and the historical significance of these two figures.
Jan Hus Day (July 6)
Jan Hus Day, observed on July 6th, is a public holiday dedicated to the memory of Jan Hus, a prominent Czech religious reformer and national hero. His ideas and martyrdom had a profound impact on Czech history and the broader Christian world.
The Legacy of Jan Hus in Czech History
Jan Hus was a 14th-century priest, philosopher, and early Christian reformer whose teachings challenged the practices of the Catholic Church. His calls for reform and criticism of church corruption led to his excommunication and eventual execution by burning at the stake in 1415. Hus’s martyrdom sparked the Hussite Wars, a series of conflicts that significantly shaped the religious and political landscape of Central Europe.
Why Jan Hus is a National Hero
Jan Hus is considered a symbol of Czech national identity and resistance against oppression. His commitment to truth and justice, even in the face of death, has made him a revered figure in Czech history. Hus’s teachings also laid the groundwork for the Protestant Reformation, influencing religious thought across Europe.
Ceremonies and Commemorations
On Jan Hus Day, commemorations are held at various sites associated with Hus’s life, including Bethlehem Chapel in Prague, where he preached. Public events, including lectures, exhibitions, and religious services, are organized to honor his legacy. Many Czechs also visit memorials dedicated to Hus, reflecting on his contributions to Czech culture and history.
Czech Statehood Day (September 28)
Czech Statehood Day, celebrated on September 28th, is a public holiday that commemorates Saint Wenceslas, the patron saint of the Czech lands, and the foundation of Czech statehood. This day is also known as Saint Wenceslas Day.
The Significance of Saint Wenceslas and Czech Statehood Day
Saint Wenceslas, a 10th-century Duke of Bohemia, is one of the most important figures in Czech history. He is credited with consolidating the early Czech state and spreading Christianity in the region. After his assassination, Wenceslas was canonized as a saint, and his legacy as a martyr for the faith has endured through the centuries. Saint Wenceslas Day, therefore, is both a religious and national holiday, celebrating Czech statehood and the country’s Christian heritage.
Historical Background: Saint Wenceslas and the Foundation of the Czech State
Wenceslas’s reign marked the beginning of a unified Czech state, and his efforts to strengthen the Christian faith laid the foundation for the future development of the nation. The legend of Saint Wenceslas, particularly the story of his martyrdom at the hands of his brother Boleslaus, has become a central part of Czech folklore and identity.
Modern-Day Observances
Czech Statehood Day is marked by various events and ceremonies, particularly in Prague. The most significant is the annual pilgrimage to Stará Boleslav, where Wenceslas was martyred. The President of the Czech Republic also awards state honors on this day, recognizing individuals for their contributions to the nation. Throughout the country, people reflect on the importance of statehood and the enduring legacy of Saint Wenceslas.
Independent Czechoslovak State Day (October 28)
Independent Czechoslovak State Day, celebrated on October 28th, marks the anniversary of the founding of Czechoslovakia in 1918. This day is a significant national holiday in the Czech Republic, symbolizing the birth of the modern Czech state.
The Formation of Czechoslovakia in 1918
On October 28, 1918, Czechoslovakia declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, establishing itself as a sovereign nation. This event marked the culmination of the Czech national revival, a movement aimed at restoring Czech culture, language, and identity. The formation of Czechoslovakia was a pivotal moment in Central European history, leading to the establishment of a democratic republic in the heart of Europe.
The Split of Czechoslovakia and Its Impact
While Czechoslovakia remained a single nation for much of the 20th century, the peaceful split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia on January 1, 1993, did not diminish the importance of October 28th. In the Czech Republic, this day continues to be celebrated as a reminder of the country’s long struggle for independence and self-determination.
Celebrations, Parades, and National Pride
On Independent Czechoslovak State Day, the Czech Republic celebrates with parades, concerts, and various cultural events. The most prominent ceremonies take place in Prague, including a military parade and the laying of wreaths at the National Monument on Vítkov Hill. The President of the Czech Republic also delivers a speech and awards state honors to notable citizens. Across the country, Czechs take pride in their nation’s history and reflect on the significance of this day.
Struggle for Freedom and Democracy Day (November 17)
Struggle for Freedom and Democracy Day, observed on November 17th, is a public holiday that commemorates two pivotal events in Czech history: the student protests against Nazi occupation in 1939 and the start of the Velvet Revolution in 1989.
The Events of 1939 and 1989
On November 17, 1939, Nazi forces brutally suppressed student protests in Prague, leading to the closure of Czech universities and the execution or imprisonment of student leaders. This event became a symbol of resistance against tyranny and is remembered as the International Students’ Day.
Fifty years later, on November 17, 1989, a peaceful student demonstration in Prague sparked the Velvet Revolution, a non-violent movement that led to the end of Communist rule in Czechoslovakia. This day is now celebrated as Struggle for Freedom and Democracy Day, honoring the courage and resilience of those who fought for freedom and human rights.
The Significance of This Day in Czech Modern History
Struggle for Freedom and Democracy Day is one of the most important holidays in the Czech Republic, as it commemorates the country’s hard-won freedoms and democratic values. It is a day to remember the sacrifices made by those who stood up against oppression, both during World War II and the Communist era.
How Czechs Honor the Memory of These Events Today
On November 17th, ceremonies and events are held across the Czech Republic to honor the memory of those who fought for freedom and democracy. In Prague, a major gathering takes place on Národní třída, the site of the 1989 student protest, where people lay flowers and light candles to pay tribute to the protesters. The day is also marked by various cultural and educational events, including discussions, exhibitions, and concerts, celebrating the country’s democratic heritage.
Christmas Eve, Christmas Day, St. Stephen’s Day (Dec 24-26)
Christmas in the Czech Republic is a festive season filled with rich traditions and customs that have been passed down through generations. The Christmas holidays include Christmas Eve (Štědrý den), Christmas Day (Boží hod vánoční), and St. Stephen’s Day (Svátek svatého Štěpána), all of which are public holidays.
Overview of Christmas Traditions in the Czech Republic
Christmas in Czechia is a time of joy and family gatherings, with traditions that blend Christian beliefs with local folklore. The festive season begins with Advent, a period of preparation for the coming of Christmas, and culminates in the celebrations on Christmas Eve, Christmas Day, and St. Stephen’s Day.
The Role of Christmas Eve and the Tradition of Ježíšek (Baby Jesus)
Christmas Eve is the most important day of the Christmas season in the Czech Republic. Families gather for a festive dinner, which traditionally includes fish soup, carp, and potato salad. After dinner, the family exchanges gifts, which are said to be brought by Ježíšek, the Baby Jesus. Unlike in many other countries where Santa Claus delivers presents, in Czechia, it is Ježíšek who brings joy to children on Christmas Eve.
How Czechs Celebrate Christmas Day and St. Stephen’s Day
Christmas Day is a time for rest and reflection. Many families attend church services, and the day is often spent visiting relatives and enjoying Christmas treats. St. Stephen’s Day, on December 26th, is another day of family gatherings and relaxation. It is also a time when many Czechs take part in outdoor activities, such as hiking or ice skating, to enjoy the winter season.
Traditional Foods and Customs
The Czech Christmas table is filled with traditional dishes, many of which have symbolic meanings. Carp is the centerpiece of the Christmas Eve meal, symbolizing good luck and prosperity. Other traditional foods include vánočka, a sweet braided bread, and various Christmas cookies (cukroví). The holiday season is also marked by the singing of carols, decorating Christmas trees, and the setting up of nativity scenes.
Traditional Czech Holidays and Customs (Non-public holidays)
In addition to the official public holidays, the Czech Republic also celebrates a number of traditional holidays and customs that are deeply rooted in the country’s culture.
Masopust (Czech Carnival)
Masopust is the Czech version of Carnival, celebrated in the days leading up to Lent. This festive period is marked by parades, masquerades, and feasts, with each region having its own unique customs. The celebrations often include folk music, dancing, and the preparation of traditional dishes, such as donuts and sausages.
St. Nicholas Day (Mikuláš)
On December 5th, the eve of St. Nicholas Day, children across the Czech Republic eagerly await a visit from Mikuláš (St. Nicholas), who is accompanied by an angel and a devil. Mikuláš rewards well-behaved children with sweets and small gifts, while the devil threatens to take away naughty children in his sack. This tradition is a beloved part of the Czech Christmas season and is enjoyed by both children and adults.
Other Regional Holidays and Local Customs
The Czech Republic is home to many regional holidays and customs that vary from one part of the country to another. These include unique folk festivals, harvest celebrations, and religious observances that reflect the diverse cultural heritage of the Czech lands.
How Public Holidays Affect Daily Life in Czechia
Public holidays in the Czech Republic have a significant impact on daily life, affecting everything from business operations to transportation.
Impact on Businesses and Public Services
On public holidays, most businesses, including shops, restaurants, and offices, are closed or have reduced hours. Government offices and banks are also closed, and public services may operate on a limited schedule. This can affect everything from shopping to accessing public services, so it’s important to plan accordingly.
Travel and Tourism During Holidays
Public holidays are popular times for travel in the Czech Republic, both for locals and tourists. Many Czechs take advantage of long weekends to visit family or go on vacation, leading to increased demand for transportation and accommodation. For tourists, public holidays offer unique opportunities to experience Czech culture, but it’s essential to book travel and accommodation in advance.
Shopping Hours and Public Transportation
On public holidays, most shops, including supermarkets and shopping centers, are closed or operate on limited hours. Public transportation may also run on a reduced schedule, particularly in smaller towns and rural areas. In major cities like Prague, public transportation continues to operate, but with a modified timetable.
Tips for Tourists Visiting During Czech Public Holidays
If you’re planning to visit the Czech Republic during a public holiday, there are a few things to keep in mind to make the most of your trip.
What to Expect When Visiting During a Public Holiday
During public holidays, especially major ones like Easter and Christmas, many attractions and services may be closed or operate on reduced hours. However, these holidays also offer unique opportunities to experience Czech traditions and customs, such as Easter markets, Christmas fairs, and cultural events.
How to Plan Your Trip Around These Holidays
To avoid any inconvenience, it’s important to plan your trip around the public holidays. Research in advance which attractions will be open, and consider participating in local holiday events to get a deeper understanding of Czech culture. Also, be sure to book accommodations and transportation well in advance, as these can fill up quickly during holiday periods.
Suggestions for Activities and Events to Experience
If you’re visiting during a public holiday, take the opportunity to immerse yourself in Czech traditions. Attend an Easter market, visit a Christmas markets, or join in the celebrations on May 1st or October 28th. These events provide a unique glimpse into Czech culture and offer memorable experiences that you won’t find at other times of the year.
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